TATAR MUSLIM COMMUNITY OF ASTRAKHAN IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY

Muslim Intellectuals and the Perennial Philosophy in the Twentieth Century

This paper will examine how Muslim intellectuals, as a result of their attachment to the doctrine of Divine Unity (taw¤hīd), the Quran, Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, and the doctrines and methods of Sufism, were largely responsible for the restating of the perennial philosophy in the West in the twentieth century. The article consists of four sections: an introduction to the term 'philosophia...

muslim intellectuals and the perennial philosophy in the twentieth century

this paper will examine how muslim intellectuals, as a result of their attachment to the doctrine of divine unity (taw¤hīd), the quran, sunnah of the prophet muhammad, and the doctrines and methods of sufism, were largely responsible for the restating of the perennial philosophy in the west in the twentieth century. the article consists of four sections: an introduction to the term 'philos...

Twentieth Century Approaches to the Matthean Community

While extended research into the Matthean Community is a relatively recent phenomenon in NT scholarship, most twentieth-century scholars working on the Gospel of Matthew have had either an explicit or implicit understanding of the Matthean Community against which they interpret the Gospel. This might be characterized as their understanding of the historical matrix out of which the Gospel arose,...

Global Warming? The Early Twentieth Century

As man is now changing the composition of the atmosphere at a rate which must be very exceptional on the geological time scale, it is natural to seek for the probable effects of such a change. From the best laboratory observations it appears that the principal result of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide would be a gradual increase in the mean temperature of the colder regions of the earth. ...

Field Experiments in Class Size from the Early Twentieth Century